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The Effects of Microstructure on the Mechanical Properties of A508-3 Heavy Section Forgings
Author:	Cogswell, Daniel
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A review of two production batches of heavy section low alloy steel forgings, manufactured to equivalent specifications (ASME SA508-3-1), has shown significant differences in transition toughness, as measured by elastic-plastic fracture mechanics. Differences in the specimen selection methods between batches (both allowable under the ASME specification) has required a further analysis of the tensile data to account for quench rate effects. It was found that, even with quench rate taken into account via an equivalent distance relationship, the lower toughness material demonstrated improved tensile properties. The processes employed in the manufacture of each batch have been assessed and the metallurgical factors considered to have a controlling effect on the transition toughness of low alloy steels have been reviewed. Differences between the batches are considered to be limited to the largest grains in the materials; the largest grains for the low toughness batch are found to be approximately twice the size as those in the high toughness material. The reduced transition toughness of one of the batches is considered to be due to preferential cleavage fracture initiation at the larger grains within the microstructure.

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